Analytical-grade distilled water (Grade 2 standard), following GB/T 6682 Grade 2 and ASTM D1193 Type II standards, has a conductivity of ≤1.0 μS/cm (25℃), TDS ＜1 mg/L, extremely low organic content, and microorganisms controlled within 100 CFU/mL. It is the mainstream standard that balances purity and cost performance. Its application scenarios focus on conventional scientific research and mid-end production fields, including analytical chemistry experiments (atomic absorption AAS, ICP and other conventional spectral analysis), biochemical experiments (PCR buffer preparation, non-sterile cell culture), production of non-injection preparations and cleaning of utensils in the pharmaceutical industry, and can also be used for general circuit board cleaning and rough cleaning of optical components in the electronics industry. The advantage of this standard distilled water is small impurity interference, wide adaptation scenarios, outstanding cost performance, and it can meet the water needs of most scientific research and mid-end production; the limitation is that it cannot meet the requirements of sterility and pyrogen-free, and cannot be used for injection preparations, precision instrument analysis and high-end semiconductor manufacturing.
Ultra-pure grade distilled water (Grade 1 standard), complying with GB/T 6682 Grade 1, ASTM D1193 Type I, and ISO 3696 Grade 1 standards, has a conductivity of ≤0.1 μS/cm (25℃), and a resistivity of up to 18.2 MΩ·cm, achieving the ultimate purity of no ions, no organic substances, sterility, and pyrogen-free. It is the core water standard in high-end fields. Its applications focus on key links with strict water quality requirements, including precision analysis experiments (HPLC, LC-MS, mass spectrometry, trace analysis), preparation of water for injection (WFI) in the pharmaceutical industry, biopharmaceuticals (vaccines, sterile powder injections), semiconductor manufacturing (silicon wafer cleaning, photolithography, etching), and sterile flushing, ophthalmology and dialysis-related processes in the medical field. The core advantage of this standard distilled water is extremely high purity and no interference factors, which can ensure the accuracy and safety of high-end production and precision experiments, and it is an indispensable basic material for high-end manufacturing and cutting-edge scientific research; the disadvantage is that the production cost is extremely high, the energy consumption is large, the water production rate is low, and it needs to be strictly sealed during storage to prevent secondary pollution.
